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Output Graphs Available in the Web Interface

The web interface allows the user to visualize Energy Policy Simulator (EPS) results through a variety of output graphs. As of EPS 3.3.1, there are 174 different output graphs available in the web interface. However, which graphs are shown in the web interface may be customized for different EPS country or regional adaptations. Many graphs include more than one data series, such as a graph of power plant capacity by plant type (coal, nuclear, hydro, etc.). Therefore, over 600 different data series are available in the web interface. (Thousands more are available in the downloadable version of the EPS.)

List of Output Graphs​

  • Emissions: CO2e​

    • Total (includes land use)

      Economy-wide CO2e emissions, including Land Use, Land Use Change, and Forestry (LULUCF)

    • Total (excludes land use)

      Economy-wide CO2e emissions, excluding Land Use, Land Use Change, and Forestry (LULUCF)

    • By Sector

      Economy-wide CO2e emissions or sequestration broken out by sector (District Heat & Hydrogen, Water & Waste, Agriculture, Buildings, Transportation, Electricity, Industry, Geoengineering, Land Use)

    • By Source Type

      Economy-wide CO2e emissions or sequestration broken out by source type (Process Emissions, Energy, Geoengineering, Land Use)

    • By Pollutant

      Economy-wide CO2e emissions broken out by pollutant (N2O, F-gases in CO2e, CH4, CO2)

    • Per Unit GDP

      CO2e emissions per unit Gross Domestic Product

    • Agriculture

      Agriculture sector CO2e emissions

    • Buildings

      Buildings sector CO2e emissions

    • District Heat & Hydrogen

      District Heat & Hydrogen sector CO2e emissions

    • Electricity

      Electricity sector CO2e emissions

    • Industry

      Industry sector CO2e emissions

    • Land Use

      Land Use, Land Use Change, and Forestry sector CO2e emissions

    • Transportation

      Transportation sector CO2e emissions

    • Water & Waste

      Water & Waste sector CO2e emissions

  • Emissions (by Pollutant)​

    Economy-wide emissions (in metric tons) of each of the following 12 pollutants:

    • CO2

    • CH4

    • N2O

    • F-gases (in CO2e)

    • PM2.5

    • PM10

    • BC

    • OC

    • NOx

    • VOC

    • SOx

    • CO

    • By Sector

      Economy-wide CO2e emissions from combustion of fuels for energy purposes broken out by sector (District Heat & Hydrogen, Water & Waste, Agriculture, Buildings, Transportation, Electricity, Industry, Geoengineering)

    • By Sector (reallocated energy carriers)

      Economy-wide CO2e emissions from combustion of fuels for energy purposes broken out by sector, with emissions from Electricity, District Heat, and Hydrogen production reallocated to demand sectors (Water & Waste, Agriculture, Buildings, Transportation, Industry, Geoengineering)

    • By Fuel Type

      Economy-wide CO2e emissions from combustion of fuels for energy purposes broken out by fuel type

    • Per Unit GDP

      Economy-wide CO2e emissions from combustion of fuels for energy purposes per unit Gross Domestic Product

  • Effects by Policy: CO2e Wedge Diagrams​

    These graphs present the relative impact of each enabled policy in a scenario in terms of the change in CO2e emissions. The "Total" wedge diagram includes all emission from the modeled region, while the sector-specific wedge diagrams only include direct emissions from those sectors. Note that policies affectiong one sector may impact emissions in other sectors. For example, electrification of industry (an Industry Sector policy) may affect emissions from the Electricity Sector. Therefore, viewing a sector-specific wedge diagram may not show the full emissions impacts of that sector's policies. For a detailed description of how wedge thicknesses are calculated, see Calculating Wedge Diagrams and Cost Curves.

    • Total

    • Agriculture

    • Buildings

    • District Heat & Hydrogen

    • Electricity

    • Industry

    • Transportation

  • Effects by Policy: CO2e Abatement Cost Curve​

    These graphs show the abatement and cost-effectiveness of each policy. Each policy is displayed as a box whose horizontal width is based on the average annual abatement attributed to that policy (with abatement atributions made using the same procedure as in the wedge diagrams above) through 2050 or 2030. The height of each box, above or below the X-axis, is the average cost per ton CO2e abated. This is calculated by dividing the cumulative CO2e emissions reductions attributed to a given policy through 2050 or 2030 by the net present value of the policy-induced change in capital, operational, and fuel expenditures caused by that policy through 2050 or 2030.

    • NPV through 2050

    • NPV through 2030

  • Financial: Policy Package Cost/Savings​

    • Change in CapEx + OpEx

      This graph shows one way to represent the overall costs of a policy package: the change in capital expenditures, fuel and operational expenditures (including labor), and additional carbon tax on process emissions. This graph displays each of these components in addition to their sum. Revenue-neutral taxes (i.e. taxes that are fully rebated to businesses and consumers, according to the policy package's Government Revenue Accounting settings, controlled by levers in the policy selector pane) and revenue-neutral subsidies (similarly controlled by Government Revenue Accounting settings) are considered cash transfers rather than capital and operational expenditures and are therefore added to or subtracted from the metric such that the total excludes these cash transfers. The "Change in CapEx and OpEx" reports only changes in amounts paid and excludes changes in amounts received (which always equal the changes in amounts paid). The changes in amounts paid can be positive or negative. For example, if a policy causes consumers to buy less fuel, then the “Change in CapEx and OpEx” will be negative (because consumers are spending less money on fuel as a result of the policy package). It does not matter that the fuel industry is receiving less money, because changes in receipts are excluded from this cost metric.

    • ^ Total Only

      This output graph reports only the Total Change in CapEx + OpEx from the metric above, to allow for multiple scenarios to be compared on the same graph.

    • Government Cash Flow Accounting

      This graph presents how the government handles added or reduced revenue. This metric is broken out into increases or decreases in each of the following five categories: Corporate Income Taxes, Payroll Taxes, Household Taxes, Budget Deficit, and Government Spending (i.e., increases or decreases in spending proportional to how the existing government budget is spent). Values on this graph should be read literally. For instance, a positive value for "budget deficit" indicates the government is running a higher budget deficit in order to make up for a reduction in its cash flow (rather than decreasing total amount spent or raising taxes), whereas a negative value for "budget deficit" indicates the government is using policy-driven increases in its cash flow to reduce the budget deficit (rather than increasing government spending or reducing taxes). Similarly, a positive value for "Change in Household Taxes" means tax receipts have increased, while a negative value indicates tax receipts have decreased. Thus, a policy package that increases government cash flow may be handled via accounting modes with a mixture of positive and negative values (such as increased spending combined with decreased household taxes). Users can control how the government handles changes in its revenues across these five categories by using the Government Revenue Accounting levers in the policy selector pane.

    • Cumulative Change in National Debt

      Change in national debt as a result of the selected policies. Changes to the budget deficit are cumulated across each year of the model run to find the change in the national debt (or surplus) relative to business-as-usual as of each modeled year.

    • Change in Interest Paid on National Debt

      Change in national debt interest payments as a result of the selected policies in each year

    • Change in Government Cash Flow by Source

      This graph presents the net effects of the selected policies on government cash flow prior to government decisions about how to handle its changes in cash flow (which can be controlled with the Government Revenue Accounting levers in the policy selector pane). This metric is broken out by sources of cash flow changes (Carbon Tax Revenue, Fuel Tax Revenue, EV Subsidy, Electric Generation Subsidy, Electricity Capacity Construction Subsidy, Distributed Solar Subsidy, Fuel Subsidy, National Debt Interest, Remaining Government Cash Flows). "Remaining Government Cash Flows" is often dominated by changes in tax receipts due to overall growth or shrinkage of the economy (GDP and Employee Compensation) but also includes changes in costs paid by government, such as spending on energy to power government buildings.

  • Financial: Jobs, GDP, and Earnings​

    • Change in Jobs

      Policy-induced changes in jobs in each year (i.e., increase or decrease in number of employed individuals in a given year, relative to business-as-usual). Note that some jobs (e.g., construction) may be short-term, meaning this metric can be thought of in terms of job-years (one job that lasts for one year equates to one job-year). This graph reports the total change in jobs and also breaks out jobs by Fossil Fuel and Utility Jobs, Manufacturing and Construction Jobs, and Other Jobs.

    • Change in Jobs by Sex

      Policy-induced changes in jobs in each year (i.e., increase or decrease in number of employed individuals in a given year, relative to business-as-usual), disaggregated into categories by sex. Note that some jobs (e.g., construction) may be short-term, meaning this metric can be thought of in terms of job-years (one job that lasts for one year equates to one job-year). In the U.S. version of the EPS, the available sex categories are based on those categories for which U.S. government data are available (in particular, from the Bureau of Labor Statistics) and should not be interpreted as a reflection Energy Innovation's views of which sex categories exist or are worthy of being reported separately.

    • Percent Change in Jobs by Sex

      The same metric as above, graphed as a percent change in the number of jobs held by people of each sex (relative to the BAU case in that same year).

    • Change in Jobs by Race

      Policy-induced changes in jobs in each year (i.e., increase or decrease in number of employed individuals in a given year, relative to business-as-usual), disaggregated into categories by race. Note that some jobs (e.g., construction) may be short-term, meaning this metric can be thought of in terms of job-years (one job that lasts for one year equates to one job-year). In the U.S. version of the EPS, the available race categories are based on those categories for which U.S. government data are available (in particular, from the Bureau of Labor Statistics) and should not be interpreted as a reflection Energy Innovation's views of which race categories exist or are worthy of being reported separately.

    • Percent Change in Jobs by Race

      The same metric as above, graphed as a percent change in the number of jobs held by people of each race (relative to the BAU case in that same year).

    • Change in Jobs by Hispanic or Latino Status

      Policy-induced changes in jobs in each year (i.e., increase or decrease in number of employed individuals in a given year, relative to business-as-usual), disaggregated into categories by Hispanic or Latino status. Note that some jobs (e.g., construction) may be short-term, meaning this metric can be thought of in terms of job-years (one job that lasts for one year equates to one job-year). In the U.S. version of the EPS, the available Hispanic or Latino status categories are based on those categories for which U.S. government data are available (in particular, from the Bureau of Labor Statistics) and should not be interpreted as a reflection Energy Innovation's views of which Hispanic or Latino status categories exist or are worthy of being reported separately.

    • Perc Change in Jobs by Hispanic or Latino Status

      The same metric as above, graphed as a percent change in the number of jobs held by people of each Hispanic or Latino status (relative to the BAU case in that same year).

    • Change in Jobs by Age Bracket

      Policy-induced changes in jobs in each year (i.e., increase or decrease in number of employed individuals in a given year, relative to business-as-usual), disaggregated into categories by age bracket. Note that some jobs (e.g., construction) may be short-term, meaning this metric can be thought of in terms of job-years (one job that lasts for one year equates to one job-year).

    • Percent Change in Jobs by Age Bracket

      The same metric as above, graphed as a percent change in the number of jobs held by people of each age bracket (relative to the BAU case in that same year).

    • Change in Jobs by Union Status

      Policy-induced changes in jobs in each year (i.e., increase or decrease in number of employed individuals in a given year, relative to business-as-usual), disaggregated into categories by union representation status. Note that some jobs (e.g., construction) may be short-term, meaning this metric can be thought of in terms of job-years (one job that lasts for one year equates to one job-year).

    • Percent Change in Jobs by Union Status

      The same metric as above, graphed as a percent change in the number of jobs held by people of each union status (relative to the BAU case in that same year).

    • Direct/Indirect/Induced Change in Jobs

      Policy-induced changes in jobs in each year (i.e., increase or decrease in number of employed individuals in a given year, relative to business-as-usual). Note that some jobs (e.g., construction) may be short-term, meaning this metric can be thought of in terms of job-years (one job that lasts for one year equates to one job-year). This graph reports the total change in jobs and also breaks out jobs by Direct, Indirect, and Induced impacts. For an explanation of these terms, see the Input-Output Model sheet.

    • Direct Plus Indirect Change in Jobs

      Policy-induced changes in jobs in each year, excluding induced changes in jobs (i.e., increase or decrease in number of employed individuals in a given year, relative to business-as-usual). Note that some jobs (e.g., construction) may be short-term, meaning this metric can be thought of in terms of job-years (one job that lasts for one year equates to one job-year). This graph reports the Direct and Indirect changes in jobs but excludes the Induced changes in jobs. For an explanation of these terms, see the Input-Output Model sheet.

    • Change in GDP

      Policy-induced changes in Gross Domestic Product in each year, relative to business-as-usual. This graph reports the total change in GDP and also breaks out changes in GDP by Fossil Fuel and Utilities, Manufacturing and Construction, and Other Contributors.

    • Percent Change in GDP

      Percent change in Gross Domestic Product (relative to business-as-usual) in each year. This graph reports the total percent change in GDP and also breaks out changes in GDP by Fossil Fuel and Utilities, Manufacturing and Construction, and Other Contributors.

    • Direct/Indirect/Induced Change in GDP

      Policy-induced changes in Gross Domestic Product in each year, relative to business-as-usual. This graph reports the total change in GDP and also breaks out changes in GDP by Direct, Indirect, and Induced impacts. For an explanation of these terms, see the Input-Output Model sheet.

    • Change in Employee Compensation

      Policy-induced change in total employee compensation in each year, further broken out by compensation for Fossil Fuels and Utilities, Manufacturing and Construction, and Others.

    • Change in Compensation per Employee

      Policy-induced change in compensation per employed person in each year.

    • Direct/Indirect/Induced Change in Compensation

      Policy-induced change in total employee compensation in each year, further broken out by Direct, Indirect, and Induced changes in compensation. For an explanation of these terms, see the Input-Output Model sheet.

  • Financial: Direct Cash Flow Changes​

    • Cash Flow Change (by Entity)

      Direct (first-order) policy-induced change in cash flow for each of nine entities tracked in the Energy Policy Simulator (Government, Non-Energy Industries, Labor and Consumers, Foreign Entities, Electricity Suppliers, Coal Suppliers, Natural Gas and Petroleum Suppliers, Biomass and Biofuel Suppliers, and Other Energy Suppliers). This metric is upstream of the macroeconomic input-output model and therefore does not include how government, households, and industries respend additional money (or how they compensate for reductions in money), so it does not capture economy-wide growth or shrinkage caused by the modeled policies. (See the graphs in the "Financial: Jobs, GDP, and Earnings" section for financial outputs that include policy-driven changes in economy size.) Since any money that is spent by one entity is received by another, direct cash flow changes sum to zero.

    • Government Cash Flow Components

      Direct (first-order) policy-induced change in government cash flow, broken out by Change in Revenue, Change in Energy Expenditures, and Change in Non-Energy Expenditures.

    • Non-Energy Industries Cash Flow Components

      Direct (first-order) policy-induced change in non-energy industries cash flow, broken out by Change in Domestic Revenue, Change in Export Revenue, Change in Energy Expenditures, and Change in Non-Energy Expenditures.

    • Labor and Consumers Cash Flow Components

      Direct (first-order) policy-induced change in labor and consumers cash flow, broken out by Change in Revenue, Change in Energy Expenditures, and Change in Non-Energy Expenditures.

    • Foreign Entities Cash Flow Components

      Direct (first-order) policy-induced change in foreign entities cash flow, broken out by Change in Revenue, Change in Energy Expenditures, and Change in Non-Energy Expenditures.

    • Electricity Supplier Cash Flow Components

      Direct (first-order) policy-induced change in electricity supplier cash flow, broken out by Change in Domestic Revenue, Change in Export Revenue, Change in Energy Expenditures, and Change in Non-Energy Expenditures.

    • Coal Supplier Cash Flow Components

      Direct (first-order) policy-induced change in coal supplier cash flow, broken out by Change in Domestic Revenue, Change in Export Revenue, Change in Energy Expenditures, and Change in Non-Energy Expenditures.

    • Natural Gas and Petroleum Supplier Cash Flow Components

      Direct (first-order) policy-induced change in natural gas and petroleum supplier cash flow, broken out by Change in Domestic Revenue, Change in Export Revenue, Change in Energy Expenditures, and Change in Non-Energy Expenditures.

    • Biomass and Biofuel Supplier Cash Flow Components

      Direct (first-order) policy-induced change in biomass and biofuel supplier cash flow, broken out by Change in Domestic Revenue, Change in Export Revenue, Change in Energy Expenditures, and Change in Non-Energy Expenditures.

    • Other Energy Supplier Cash Flow Components

      Direct (first-order) policy-induced change in other energy supplier cash flow, broken out by Change in Domestic Revenue, Change in Export Revenue, Change in Energy Expenditures, and Change in Non-Energy Expenditures.

  • Human Health & Social Benefits​

    • Avoided Deaths Wedge Diagram

      This graph presents the relative impact of each enabled policy in a scenario in terms of the number of avoided premature deaths

    • Percent Change in Deaths

      This graph shows the percentage change in the number of deaths occurring each year (relative to the BAU case in that same year).

    • Avoided Deaths by Sex

      Annual avoided premature deaths as a result of a policy package disaggregated by sex. In the U.S. version of the EPS, the available sex categories are based on those categories for which U.S. government data are available (in particular, from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, since we use these categories for job impacts as well as health impacts) and should not be interpreted as a reflection Energy Innovation's views of which sex categories exist or are worthy of being reported separately.

    • Percent Change in Deaths by Sex

      The same metric as above, graphed as a percent change in the number of deaths of people of each sex (relative to the BAU case in that same year).

    • Avoided Deaths by Race

      Annual avoided premature deaths as a result of a policy package disaggregated by race. In the U.S. version of the EPS, the available race categories are based on those categories for which U.S. government data are available (in particular, from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, since we use these categories for job impacts as well as health impacts) and should not be interpreted as a reflection Energy Innovation's views of which race categories exist or are worthy of being reported separately.

    • Percent Change in Deaths by Race

      The same metric as above, graphed as a percent change in the number of deaths of people of each race (relative to the BAU case in that same year).

    • Avoided Deaths by Hispanic or Latino Status

      Annual avoided premature deaths as a result of a policy package disaggregated by Hispanic or Latino status. In the U.S. version of the EPS, the available Hispanic or Latino status categories are based on those categories for which U.S. government data are available (in particular, from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, since we use these categories for job impacts as well as health impacts) and should not be interpreted as a reflection Energy Innovation's views of which Hispanic or Latino status categories exist or are worthy of being reported separately.

    • Percent Change in Deaths by Hispanic or Latino Status

      The same metric as above, graphed as a percent change in the number of deaths of people of each Hispanic or Latino status (relative to the BAU case in that same year).

    • Avoided Premature Deaths

      Annual avoided premature deaths as a result of a policy package

    • Monetized Avoided Deaths & Climate Benefits

      Monetized annual avoided premature deaths (according to the Value of a Statistical Life) and climate benefits (according to the Social Cost of Carbon) as a result of a policy package

    • Avoided Lost Workdays

      Annual avoided lost workdays as a result of a policy package

    • Avoided Respiratory Symptoms and Bronchitis

      Annual avoided respiratory symptoms and bronchitis as a result of a policy package

    • Avoided Asthma Attacks

      Annual avoided asthma attacks as a result of a policy package

    • Avoided Nonfatal Heart Attacks

      Annual avoided nonfatal heart attacks as a result of a policy package

    • Avoided Hospital Admissions

      Annual avoided hospital admissions as a result of a policy package

    • Avoided Respiratory ER Visits

      Annual avoided respiratory emergency room visits as a result of a policy package

    • Avoided Minor Restricted Activity Days

      Annual avoided minor restricted activity days as a result of a policy package

  • Electricity Generation, Capacity, and Demand​

    • Generation

      Annual electricity generation by power plant type

    • Policy-Driven Change in Generation

      Changes in electricity generation by power plant type due to enabled policies

    • Capacity

      Annual electricity generation capacity by power plant type

    • Policy-Driven Change in Capacity

      Changes in electricity generation capacity by power plant type due to enabled policies

    • Electricity Demand by Sector

      Electricity demand broken out by sector (District Heat & Hydrogen, Water & Waste, Agriculture, Transportation, Industry, Buildings)

    • Share of Generation from Clean Sources

      Share of electricity generation from clean sources (dependent on region's RPS or CES definitions)

    • Carbon Intensity of Electricity Generation

      Metric tons CO2e per megawatt-hour

    • Electricity Intensity per Unit GDP

      Kilowatt-hour per unit GDP

  • Electricity: Levelized Costs, Curtailment, Emissions and Water Use​

    • Levelized Cost of Electricity (after subsidies)

      Levelized Cost of Electricity by power plant type in 2020, 2030, 2040, and 2050 (after any subsidies for generation or power plant construction)

    • Curtailed Electricity from Renewables

      Annual curtailed electricity broken out by renewable power plant type

    • CO2e Emissions by Plant Type

      Annual Electricity sector CO2e emissions broken out by power plant type

    • Water Withdrawals by Power Plants

      Annual water withdrawals (water taken to use for cooling) by power plant type

    • Water Consumption by Power Plants

      Annual water withdrawals (water taken and not returned to the water body, i.e. evaporated) by power plant type

  • Transport: Vehicles by Technology​

    Sales by vehicle technology for the following classes of vehicles:

    • Sales: Cars and SUVs

    • Sales: Buses

    • Sales: Light Freight Trucks

    • Sales: Med & Heavy Freight Trucks

    • Sales: Motorbikes

    Stock by vehicle technology for the following classes of vehicles:

    • Fleet Composition: Cars and SUVs

    • Fleet Composition: Buses

    • Fleet Composition: Light Freight Trucks

    • Fleet Composition: Med & Heavy Freight Trucks

    • Fleet Composition: Motorbikes

  • Transport: Travel Demand, Fuel Use, and Emissions​

    • CO2 Emissions by Vehicle Type

      Annual Transportation sector CO2 emissions by vehicle type

    • Fuel Use by Fuel Type

      Annual Transportation sector fuel use by fuel type

    • Fuel Use by Vehicle Type

      Annual Transportation sector fuel use by vehicle type

    • Fuel Use (Total)

      Annual Transportation sector fuel use (total)

    • Travel Demand (Passenger Modes)

      Annual cargo distance traveled by passenger vehicles, by vehicle type

    • Travel Demand (Freight Modes)

      Annual cargo distance traveled by freight vehicles, by vehicle type

  • Industry: Fuel Use​

    • By Industry (Excluding Feedstocks)

      Annual Industry sector fuel use by subindustry, excluding feedstocks and only including fuels used for energy purposes

    • By Fuel (Excluding Feedstocks)

      Annual Industry sector fuel use by fuel type, excluding feedstocks and only including fuels used for energy purposes

    • Total (Excluding Feedstocks)

      Annual Industry sector fuel use (total), excluding feedstocks and only including fuels used for energy purposes

    • By Industry (Including Feedstocks)

      Annual Industry sector fuel use by subindustry, including feedstocks

    • By Fuel (Including Feedstocks)

      Annual Industry sector fuel use by fuel type, including feedstocks

    • Total (Including Feedstocks)

      Annual Industry sector fuel use (total), including feedstocks

  • Industry: CO2e Emissions​

    • Total by Industry

      Annual Industry sector CO2e emissions by subindustry

    • Total by Pollutant

      Annual Industry sector CO2e emissions by pollutant (N2O, F-gases in CO2e, CH4, CO2)

    • Process Emissions by Industry

      Annual Industry sector process emissions by subindustry; process emissions refer to pollutants that occur as a result of industry operations and which were not related to the combustion of fuel for energy

    • Process Emissions by Pollutant

      Annual Industry sector process emissions by pollutant (N2O, F-gases in CO2e, CH4, CO2); process emissions refer to pollutants that occur as a result of industry operations and which were not related to the combustion of fuel for energy

    • Energy-Related Emissions by Industry

      Annual Industry sector energy-related emissions by subindustry

    • Energy-Related Emissions by Pollutant

      Annual Industry sector energy-related emissions by pollutant

    • CO2 Emissions by Source Type

      Annual Industry sector CO2 emissions by source type (energy-related vs. process)

    • Process CO2 Emissions by Industry

      Annual Industry sector process CO2 emissions by subindustry

    • Energy-Related CO2 Emissions by Industry

      Annual Industry sector energy-related CO2 emissions by subindustry

  • Buildings: Energy Use​

    • By Building Component

      Annual Buildings sector energy consumption by building component

    • By Building Type

      Annual Buildings sector energy consumption by building type (commercial, rural residential, urban residential)

    • By Energy Source

      Annual Buildings sector energy consumption by fuel type

    • Total

      Annual Buildings sector energy consumption (total)

  • Energy Consumption​

    • Primary Energy by Source

      Annual economy-wide primary energy consumption by fuel type

    • Primary Energy by End Use Sector

      Annual economy-wide primary energy consumption by end use sector (District Heat & Hydrogen, Water & Waste, Agriculture, Buildings, Transportation, Electricity, Industry, Geoengineering)

    • Per Unit GDP

      Annual economy-wide primary energy consumption per unit Gross Domestic Product

    • Electricity Consumption

      Annual electricity consumption

    • Hard Coal Consumption

      Annual hard coal consumption

    • Lignite Consumption

      Annual lignite consumption

    • Natural Gas Consumption

      Annual natural gas consumption

    • Petroleum Fuels Consumption

      Annual petroleum fuels consumption

    • Liquid Biofuels Consumption

      Annual liquid biofuels consumption

    • Biomass Consumption

      Annual biomass consumption

    • LPG Propane & Butane Consumption

      Annual liquefied petroleum gas, propane, and butane consumption

    • Municipal Solid Waste Consumption

      Annual municipal solid waste consumption

    • Hydrogen Consumption

      Annual hydrogen consumption

  • Exports, Imports, Production, and Consumption​

    • Energy Exports

      Annual energy exports by fuel type

    • Change in Energy Exports

      Annual policy-induced changes in energy exports by fuel type

    • Energy Export Revenue

      Annual energy export revenue by fuel type

    • Change in Energy Export Revenue

      Annual policy-induced changes in energy export revenue by fuel type

    • Embedded CO2 in Exported Fuels

      Annual fuel exports in terms of the quantity of CO2 that would be emitted if the fuels are combusted.

    • Change in Embedded CO2 in Exported Fuels

      Annual policy-induced changes in fuel exports in terms of the quantity of CO2 that would be emitted if the fuels are combusted.

    • Energy Imports

      Annual energy imports by fuel type

    • Change in Energy Imports

      Annual policy-induced changes in energy imports by fuel type

    • Energy Import Expenditures

      Annual energy import expenditures by fuel type

    • Change in Energy Import Expenditures

      Annual policy-induced changes in import expenditures by fuel type

    • Energy Production

      Annual domestic energy production by fuel type

    • Change in Energy Production

      Annual policy-induced changes in domestic energy production by fuel type

    • Exports of Nonenergy Products

      Annual exports of nonenergy products by industry

    • Change in Exports of Nonenergy Products

      Annual change in exports of nonenergy products by industry

    • Imports of Nonenergy Products

      Annual imports of nonenergy products by industry

    • Change in Imports of Nonenergy Products

      Annual change in imports of nonenergy products by industry

    • Nonenergy Production

      Annual production of nonenergy products by industry

    • Change in Nonenergy Production

      Annual change in production of nonenergy products by industry

    • Domestic Consumption of Nonenergy Products

      Annual domestic consumption of nonenergy products by industry

    • Change in Domestic Consumption of Nonenergy Products

      Annual change in domestic consumption of nonenergy products by industry

  • Fuel Costs (by Fuel, by Sector)​

    Fuel costs in 2020, 2030, 2040, and 2050 by fuel type, by sector (Commercial Buildings, Residential Buildings, Electricity, Transportation, Industry, District Heat and Hydrogen)

    • Electricity

    • Hard Coal

    • Lignite

    • Natural Gas

    • Petroleum Gasoline

    • Petroleum Diesel

    • Biomass

    • Heavy or Residual Fuel Oil

    • LPG Propane or Butane

    • Hydrogen

  • Technology Costs​

    • Batteries

      Battery cost per kilowatt-hour, including the battery cost and the balance of system costs (e.g., labor for its installation)

    • CCS Capital Equipment

      Capital cost of carbon capture and sequestration equipment to capture one metric ton of CO2e per year, broken out by sector (Electricity and Industry)

    • Onshore Wind Turbines

      Construction cost per unit capacity of onshore wind turbines, before construction subsidies

    • Offshore Wind Turbines

      Construction cost per unit capacity of offshore wind turbines, before construction subsidies

    • Solar PV (Utility-Scale)

      Construction cost per unit capacity of utility-scale solar photovoltaic systems, before construction subsidies

    • Hydrogen Electrolyzers

      Capital cost of hydrogen production equipment to produce one kilogram H2 per year via electrolysis

This page was last updated in version 3.4.0.